植物分类学遇上植物计数：一个用于计数数百种植物的细粒度分类学数据集
Plant Taxonomy Meets Plant Counting: A Fine-Grained, Taxonomic Dataset for Counting Hundreds of Plant Species
为类别无关计数（CAC）提供了一个带林奈层级标签与器官类别的多尺度点标注基准，可直接用于检验回归式与检测式计数模型在细粒度、跨生长阶段、跨成像尺度（冠层遥感→组织显微）条件下的泛化能力。
原文依据 we present TPC-268, the first plant counting benchmark incorporating plant taxonomy
摘要译文
由模型翻译 · 术语统一 · 请对照原文核对关键结论对自然世界进行视觉编目与量化，需要在细粒度视觉分类和大规模计数两方面同时推进边界。尽管已有显著进展，尤其是在人群与交通分析领域，细粒度、具备分类学意识的植物计数在视觉领域仍鲜有探索。与人群不同，植物在不同生长阶段和环境中呈现出非刚性形态与外观变化。为填补这一空白，我们提出 TPC-268，这是首个融入植物分类学的植物计数基准。该数据集将实例级点标注与林奈标签（界→种）以及器官类别相耦合，从而支持层级推理与物种感知的评测。数据集包含 10,000 张图像与 678,050 个点标注，涵盖植物界与真菌界中 242 个物种的 268 个可计数植物类别，观测尺度从冠层级的遥感影像一直延伸到组织级的显微成像。我们沿用类别无关计数（CAC）的问题设定，提供分类学一致、尺度感知的数据划分，并对最优的基于回归与基于检测的 CAC 方法进行了基准评测。通过刻画植物与真菌类群在生物多样性、层级结构和多尺度特性上的特点，TPC-268 为推进细粒度类别无关计数提供了一个具有生物学依据的测试平台。数据集与代码见 https://github.com/tiny-smart/TPC-268。
英文原文摘要 1449 字符
Visually cataloging and quantifying the natural world requires pushing the boundaries of both detailed visual classification and counting at scale. Despite significant progress, particularly in crowd and traffic analysis, the fine-grained, taxonomy-aware plant counting remains underexplored in vision. In contrast to crowds, plants exhibit nonrigid morphologies and physical appearance variations across growth stages and environments. To fill this gap, we present TPC-268, the first plant counting benchmark incorporating plant taxonomy. Our dataset couples instance-level point annotations with Linnaean labels (kingdom -> species) and organ categories, enabling hierarchical reasoning and species-aware evaluation. The dataset features 10,000 images with 678,050 point annotations, includes 268 countable plant categories over 242 plant species in Plantae and Fungi, and spans observation scales from canopy-level remote sensing imagery to tissue-level microscopy. We follow the problem setting of class-agnostic counting (CAC), provide taxonomy-consistent, scale-aware data splits, and benchmark state-of-the-art regression- and detection-based CAC approaches. By capturing the biodiversity, hierarchical structure, and multi-scale nature of botanical and mycological taxa, TPC-268 provides a biologically grounded testbed to advance fine-grained class-agnostic counting. Dataset and code are available at https://github.com/tiny-smart/TPC-268.