WiTTA-Bench：面向 WiFi 感知的测试时自适应基准
WiTTA-Bench: Benchmarking Test-Time Adaptation for WiFi Sensing
WiFi 感知的 TTA 基准与跨设备配对数据集，为视觉研究者提供了与视觉感知互补的被动感知模态；其揭示的 OTTA 与 TTDA 互补性、以及递归自训练对超参敏感的现象，可直接迁移到视觉 TTA 方法的设计与评测中。
原文依据 We introduce WiTTA-Bench, the first comprehensive benchmark for WiFi TTA
摘要译文
由模型翻译 · 术语统一 · 请对照原文核对关键结论WiFi 感知提供了一种被动且保护隐私的感知方式，可补充基于视觉的感知，但在环境、受试者或硬件变化引起的域偏移下，其性能会急剧下降。在源数据不可用的真实部署中，这一挑战更为严峻，因而促使测试时自适应（TTA）成为一种仅利用无标签目标样本进行自校准的实用方案。我们提出 WiTTA-Bench，这是首个面向 WiFi TTA 的综合基准，涵盖 20 种代表性方法、两种自适应协议（OTTA 与 TTDA），以及 WiFi 中三类由物理因素引起的偏移：跨环境、跨受试者和跨设备。此外，我们贡献了一个新数据集，其中包含来自异构设备的配对记录，以弥合跨设备差距。大量实验揭示了 WiFi 感知特有的三点关键洞见：(i) WiFi 域偏移呈现出由物理因素决定的层级结构；(ii) OTTA 与 TTDA 具有互补性；(iii) OTTA 通常对超参数更鲁棒，而 TTDA 由于递归自训练而对超参数更敏感。WiTTA-Bench 为在真实无线条件下实现自适应、鲁棒且可部署的 WiFi 感知建立了首个系统性基础。
英文原文摘要 1235 字符
WiFi sensing offers passive and privacy-preserving perception that complements vision-based sensing, but its performance degrades sharply under domain shifts caused by changes in environment, subjects, or hardware. This challenge is exacerbated in real-world deployments where source data are unavailable, motivating test-time adaptation (TTA) as a practical solution for self-calibration using only unlabeled target samples. We introduce WiTTA-Bench, the first comprehensive benchmark for WiFi TTA, covering 20 representative methods, two adaptation protocols (OTTA and TTDA), and three major physics-induced shifts in WiFi: cross-environment, cross-subject, and cross-device. Furthermore, we contribute a new dataset featuring paired recordings from heterogeneous devices to bridge the cross-device gap. Extensive experiments reveal three key insights unique to WiFi sensing: (i) WiFi domain shifts exhibit a physics-induced hierarchy; (ii) OTTA and TTDA are complementary; (iii) OTTA is generally more robust to hyperparameters, while TTDA is more sensitive due to recursive self-training. WiTTA-Bench establishes the first systematic foundation for adaptive, robust, and deployable WiFi sensing under realistic wireless conditions.